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Ancient empire collapsed due to massive dust storms: study A new study suggests an ancient Mesopotamian civilization was likely wiped out by dust storms nearly 4, years ago. Which two dominant groups in Mesopotamia were monotheistic? The Hebrews and the Persians. Marduk, in Mesopotamian religion, the chief god of the city of Babylon and the national god of Babylonia; as such, he was eventually called simply Bel, or Lord.
Originally, he seems to have been a god of thunderstorms. Mesopotamians were polytheistic; they worshipped several major gods and thousands of minor gods. Hebrew civilization had affected the Judaea-Christian heritage of Western civilization, including their ideas about law, ethics and morality, and the social justice system.
The starting of monotheism had great effects between the state and society as a whole in comparison to polytheistic religious practices. Social, psychological and economical processes have identified the moral, egalitarian and ethical elements of the religions in general and monotheistic civilizations in specific. Armstrong states:. Even though the writings on religion and economics were relatively embryonic, they still entail some important contributions on the relationship between religion, economics, and government.
From an economic point of view, monotheistic civilizations engaged in a strong degree of enlarging returns to scale and the natural monopoly powers commensurate with it. The Hebrews believed that the worship of idol gods that like in the case of ancient Egypt was not ideal as it represented an incapable god put in images making them less sovereign.
Further, the Hebrews believed that the Egyptians could not obtain freedom from idol worship. The arrival of the Hebrews into Egypt brought a different influence to the ancient Egyptian way of worship. Their belief system and the sovereign expression of their God in the rescue mission of the Israelites from Egypt played a key role in creating change in the religious atmosphere in Egypt.
Additionally, the Hebrews believed in the universal significance of their religion. Their culture and life was to control their way of life by complete segregation form of society and to maintain relatively secured collective boundaries. Christianity and Islam, the axial monotheistic religions were in their efforts to constitute all others into their civilization including the Jews. The Persian existence within the Islamic general population affected many core aspects of the Muslim culture and society.
The Hebrews have a very rich and vibrant history, unlike many other ancient civilizations. Throughout the history, the Hebrew culture and civilization has undergone many challenges. Their ancestors lived in a time where only the strongest nations in terms of technological and military competence survived. Despite the consequences, the Hebrew culture survived with their lack of military capabilities and progressed technologies.
The reason behind their survival and civilization, unlike other cultures and civilizations, was their culture, art and the strength of their sacred text, The Bible. The reactions from various circles concerning the civilization of ancient Egypt display a mixture of feelings.
Some scholars believe that ancient Egypt before civilization was of a unique distinction. Actually, according to history, it is believed that they were the first people to create a state embodying aspiration of the Egyptian race and the spiritual beliefs in the nation-state. The ancient state of Egypt which lasted for up to years showed a determined durability, assurance and extraordinary strength demonstrated by its framework of culture and an unmistakable purity of style.
Indeed, religion in ancient Egypt led to a myriad of other changes that impacted the society politically, socially and economically. For instance, early developments in religion shaped the political systems and structures in ancient Egypt. Most of the rules and leadership dynamics used by Egypt rulers were largely borrowed from religion.
The religiously-influenced political and social structures created other avenues and modalities on how people interacted.
The sharing of religious activities in ancient Egypt has offered the world a broad perspective in understanding early social developments in Egypt. To sum up, it is imperative to note that both religion and civilization act as useful tools in bringing societies together. The monotheistic and polytheistic civilizations demonstrate different perspectives of understanding various cultures across the world.
As mentioned in the paper, different religions have their unique way of worshipping their different gods. However, in carrying out their religious duties, they are similar in how they accord respect to their deities.
As such, it is clear that people from diverse cultural backgrounds have unique ways of communicating with their perceived supreme being.
Religious civilization, therefore, is not a set of personal beliefs but the underpinnings and supernatural answers to the obvious unknowable paradigms.
Throughout the stages of human development, different civilizations are seen as a process to progressive societal life. Armstrong, Karen.
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