Writing a summary is no easy task, fitting all the key information from an essay into one short paragraph is a lot harder than it sounds. The key is to focus on the bigger picture rather than expanding on smaller details. Always use present tense. Avoid switching tenses mid-way through the paragraph, not only will it cause confusion for the reader but it would also affect the flow of the paragraph. Do not use the full name of the article as the introduction but use the words within the name of the article.
Not only will it save much valuable space but also make the paragraph less bulky. Try to use direct words from the article and put it into the summary. It not only gives the readers a taste of the original article but also put more trust into your work. Both China and India, respectively, graduate six and eight times as many traditional engineers as does the United States. Other industrial countries at minimum maintain their output, while America suffers an increasingly serious decline in the number of engineering graduates and a lack of well-educated engineers.
Source: Excerpted from Frankel, E. Frankel expresses his concerns regarding the current state of American engineering education. He notes that the number of students focusing on traditional areas of engineering has decreased while the number interested in the high-technology end of the field has increased. Frankel points out that other industrial nations produce far more traditionally-trained engineers than we do, and believes we have fallen seriously behind. The summary identifies the writer, the date of publication, and the source, and restates the key ideas using original wording.
Frankel has called for a return to a course of study that emphasizes the traditional skills of engineering, noting that the number of American engineering graduates with these skills has fallen sharply when compared to the number coming from other countries. This one-line summary identifies the writer and synthesizes the key ideas. A short summary like this might appear in the literature review of research paper in which the student gathers together the findings or opinions of scholars on a given subject.
This is also a good place to state or restate the things that are most important for your readers to remember after reading your summary. Skip to content Drafting. Why Summarize? You might summarize a section from a source, or even the whole source, when the ideas in that source are critical to an assignment you are working on and you feel they need to be included, but they would take up too much space in their original form.
For example, technical documents or in-depth studies might go into much, much more detail than you are likely to need to support a point you are making for a general audience. These are situations in which a summary might be a good option.
Summarizing is also an excellent way to double-check that you understand a text—if you can summarize the ideas in it, you likely have a good grasp on the information it is presenting.
This can be helpful for school-related work, such as studying for an exam or researching a topic for a paper, but is also useful in daily life when you encounter texts on topics that are personally or professionally interesting to you.
What Makes Something a Summary? Significantly condense the original text. Provide accurate representations of the main points of the text they summarize.
Avoid personal opinion. This approach has two significant problems, though: First , it no longer correctly represents the original text, so it misleads your reader about the ideas presented in that text.
How Should I Organize a Summary? In summary-focused work, this introduction should accomplish a few things: Introduce the name of the author whose work you are summarizing.
Introduce the title of the text being summarized. Not all texts will have this component—for example, when summarizing a book written by one author, the title of the book and name of that author are sufficient information for your readers to easily locate the work you are summarizing. State the main ideas of the text you are summarizing—just the big-picture components.
Give context when necessary. Is this text responding to a current event? That might be important to know. Does this author have specific qualifications that make them an expert on this topic?
0コメント