Method for recommendation: the institutions, organizations, schools or individuals may recommend candidates to CTK Foundation as per this method. Evaluation: an evaluation committee comprising justices of peace is set up. This committee is responsible for review, investigation and evaluation of the candidates.
Evaluation and publication: preliminary review at early of December, reexamination at early of January, final review at early of February, holding a press conference to publicize the list of awardees at April. Scholarships will be provided where necessary. Receiving awards: the winners will accept the medals and certificates at Global Love of Lives Day on May T here was not much clothing in Angkor , but the bit of a dressing expressed very much the status differences of the people in this very stratified society.
Who was allowed to dress how was very much regimented. Both genders wore merely a strip of cloth around the waist, the women showing bare breasts. For special, representative events the dressing code became a bit more complete.
The people of Angkor went mostly barefoot. Women adorned themselves with bracelets and fingerrings and used perfumes. T he highest functionaries Zhou Daguan mentioned, were the "ministers, generals, astronomers and other functionaries".
Most of them were princes, and there must have been many princes, for the king had not only several wives but between 3, to 5, concubines and has probably produced a great reservoir of 'blue-blooded' offspring. Interestingly the high-priests are not mentioned as such. Religion has played a very prominent role in Angkor and the religious authorities were of great power. The differences between the functionaries and their status was expressed in clothing, jewellry and other accessoires, including different palanquins.
I nterestingly there are Taoists counted among the religious men, not only Buddhists. Brahmins also play a role, but the dominant religion at the time was Theravada Buddhism.
There were no nuns, neither of Buddhist nor Taoist faith. Taoism plays nowadays no role in Cambodia anymore; here and there appear Taoist temples to see in Malaysia. They are run by Chinese. T he commoners are described as "coarse people, ugly and deeply sunburned. It applies equally to the ladies of the court and to the womenfolk of the noble houses It's also mentioned that on the market larger groups of commoners tried "to catch the attention of Chinese in the hope of rich presents.
A revolting, unworthy custom, this! The Khmer of the time had no names, neither personal nor family names. The only replacement for a name was the weekday they were born. The Angkor ean calender had seven weekdays, each of them had a certain meaning with attributs as evil omens and so on. The Khmer also didn't held a record of their date of birth. A cockfight. Gambling and animal abuse are only two of the many vices who are still common in Cambodia and Southeast Asia generally.
One or two days after giving birth to a child they are ready for intercourse: if a husband is not responsive he will be discarded. When a husband is called away on matters of business, they endure his absence for a while; but if he is gone as much as ten days, the wife is apt to say: 'I am no ghost; how can I be expected to sleep alone?
Cooking on an earthen stove in Angkor. The coalfire is supported with fans. The same kind of stoves are still in use in many Cambodian households. Zhou Daguan also remarked that the Cambodian women would age very quickly. He sees the reason for that doubtlessly in the young marriages and too early pregnancies.
He wrote that a Cambodian women of twenty or thirty years would be aged as a Chinese women twenty years older. A very peculiar custom, to say the least, was the ritual of 'deflowering'. It's described as followed: girls in the age between seven and eleven as richer the families as earlier the ritual were handed over to a Buddhist or Taoist priest.
The rich could determine a priest of their choice, the poor had no choise. The priests received rich presents of a variety of different goods; particularly the rich gave a small fortune to them. Poor families, whose daughters were eleven years already and who couldn't affort the presents, were often helped out by richer families, who saw this as 'acquiring merit'.
A great, noisy party was then arranged with a lot of accessories and a procession with palanquins and music for the priest. The music is described as deafening. The girl was waiting alone in a pavilion, until the priest eventually appeared to deflower her with his hands.
Though, there remained doubts of that priest always used their hands only. However, the hands were cleaned then in a jar of wine, which was either drunken by the girl's family or they at least used it to stain their foreheads with it.
A market scene shown at the Bayon. Next morning the priest went back home, richly escorted. The family had to buy [! If not, the girl would become the priests legal property. This story is pretty revealing for the abusive intentions who are inherent in not only organized religion.
Also the status and wealth orientation fits into that pattern. Interestingly the women were already, like today, the ones who run most of the small businesses. They didn't have shophouses but layed out their goods on blankets on the ground - as to see at many occacions still nowadays.
And, as today, the authorities did collect taxes from the small stalls. A growing number of Cambodians, Zhou Daguan noted, were learning to outwit the Chinese foreigners at the time and harming them considerably.
Lying and cheating, cheating and lying. An old Cambodian custom There must have been quite many Chinese settling in Angkor in that time already. A great many of Chinese goods have been dealt with in Angkor as well. The notorious rice whiskey is also mentioned in Zhou Daguans record, among three other kinds of alcoholic drinks who were produced in Angkor.
A scene from Angkor. People transport goods, harvest fruits Z hou Daguan differs two kinds of aborigines in the Angkor ean empire: such who know the Khmer language and were sold in the towns as slaves. That leads to the question if everybody outside the capital, towns and villages was without civil rights and could be enslaved?! The other aboriginal people were, according to the description, the hill tribes who lived a nomadic life and didn't speak Khmer.
He wrote very bad about them and described them as savages. He even wrote that murder in their gatherings were common. It seems that Zhou Daguan here trusted the bad talk of the Cambodians of his time and followed their prejudices. Factually he certainly didn't came in contact with these societies. Zhou Daguan also represents a Chinese who distincts himself from other ethnics who were for him generally 'barbarious'.
The slaves of Angkor. Hundreds of thousands of slaves must have been in Angkor, mostly captives from the never ending wars the empire led.
Additionally there were slave expeditions sent into the mountains, enslaving people of the hill tribes in e. Ratanakiri and other mountainous regions. A ngkor was a slave society, based on the ruthless exploitation of slave labour. Slaves were brought in from warfare or expeditions into the mountains, where people of the hill tribes were caught and brought into slavery.
Slavery has a long tradition in Cambodia and was officially abolished in the French colonial time in the second half of the 19 th century.
One could argue, though, that slavery is still going on in an altered form until today. Zhou Daguan wrote about his time, that wealthy families owned more than hundred slaves, others a few dozends and only the very poor didn't have slaves at all. The Khmer called the slaves 'Chuang', what meaned brigands and looked down on them as on low animals.
Chuang was a very bad insult in the Angkor ean society. Slaves were dealt with on the slave markets and certainly treated badly in general. In the case that slaves got children, the children would be the slaves of the owner of the mother for a live long. The penalty for a slave who tried to escape and was captured was as brutal and barbarious as the whole Khmer civilization was. Zhou Daguan does not tell anything about the state slaves who did the major work on the big monuments.
The time of gigantomany was anyway over in his times. But state slaves for maintaining the state's infrastructure were certainly still there. T he Khmer language is described as different from all the languages of the neighbouring people. The status groups had their own, distinctive kind of language as the mandarins, the priests and so on. Also in the villages were different dialects spoken. W riting is an interesting matter, because the medieval Khmer had a written language since long , but nothing of their writings overcame the time.
Zhou Daguan noticed that the Khmer wrote on deer-skin, which was dyed black. They wrote on it with a kind of pencil which was a hollow stick and filled with chalk. The writing could be later wiped out and the skin used again. He did not mention palm leaves as writing material. One of the outer libraries of Angkor Wat. The buildings survived, but not a single written word.
T he festivals in Angkor are revealing parallels to the wasteful feasts of our times. The biggest of them was the new year festival. With great expenses towers were erected and fireworks and firecrackers were blown up. Zhou Daguan wrote that the rockets were seen as far as thirteen kilometers away.
The whole, extremely noisy festival lasted a fortnight. Every month there was another festival held. Zhou Daguan listed different reasons for what the festivals were held. They all were excuses for having noisy spectacles, as it is nowadays. And they all lasted several days, in one case he numbers it with ten days. Interestingly he mentioned Khmer astronomers who were able to calculate eclipses of the moon and the sun. Prasat Suor Prat, a number of towers opposite the royal palace in Angkor Thom.
Zhou Daguan told that opponents in trials were captured until one of them got ill as a sign of guilt. Historians doubt that, though. M any cases of dispute, even trife ones, have been brought to the ruler means the emperor?! In this case he must have been quite busy with judging alone. The most penalties were done with paying a fine.
In more serious cases convicted have been brought out of the west gate of Angkor Thom and have been burried alive.
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